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Společnost pro dějiny věd a techniky
Society for the History of Sciences and Technology

Abstracts of Papers

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Dějiny věd a techniky, No. 3, Vol. LIII (2020)

ARTICLES

DVT 203, 120
Milada Paulová a její působení v mimouniverzitních vědeckých institucích ● Daniela Brádlerová

Milada Paulová and her activity in non-university science institutions: The article discusses the activities of the Czech historian and Byzantologist Milada Paulová in Czech non-university scientific institutions: the Royal Bohemian Society of Sciences (RBSS) and the Czech Academy of Sciences and Arts (CASA), the Czechoslovak National Research Council (CNRC) and the Slavic Institute (SI). The historian Milada Paulová was most active in her non-university career, after 1945, at Slavic Institute and Czechoslovak National Research Council.

Keywords: Milada Paulová – byzantology – slavic studies – Royal Bohemian Society of Sciences – Czech Academy of Sciences and Arts – Czechoslovak National Research Council – Slavic Institute

Summary
These were scientific institutions of the modern type, representing independent Czechoslovakia and seeking to incorporate its science into the international scientific framework. She showed her greatest professional aktivity at the Slavic Institute, when she initiated the transformation of the journal Byzantinoslavica, in 1946, and then participated in its editorial board. The second major scientific institution for M. Paulová was CNRC. Though she was its member only until 1946, this institute played a pivotal role in her life during the years of Nazi occupation (1939–1945). At the time, CNRC financially supported Czech scientists who were partially able to continue their scientific work. From 1946 to 1952, she became more heavily involved in the activity of XVI. Department of History CNRC, which was dedicated to promoting Czech historical science abroad. By contrast, her activities in other scientific institutions – Royal Bohemian Society of Sciences and Czech Academy of Sciences and Arts were only formal. Milada Paulová’s membership in these institutions reflected the fact that she was the first woman in Czechoslovakia to achieve the degree of associate professor. RBSS was important to Paulová by giving her the space to publish her crucial scientific papers, which ultimately allowed her to achieve a professorial degree.

Correspondence:
PhDr. Daniela Brádlerová, Ph.D.
Masarykův ústav a Archiv Akademie věd ČR, v. v. i.
Gabčíkova 2362/10, 18200 Praha 8
E-mail: bradlerova@mua.cas.cz

DVT 203, 131
Jaroslav Bidlo jako člen Královské české společnosti nauk a České akademie věd a umění ● Marek Ďurčanský

Jaroslav Bidlo as a Member of the Royal Bohemian Society of Sciences and the Czech Academy of Sciences and Arts: The influential position of Jaroslav Bidlo (1868–1937) among Czech(oslovak) historians was based not only on his full profesorship at the Faculty of Arts of Charles University, but also on his membership in several scientific societies. He actively used acquired possibilities to promote historical Slavonic studies or to help his younger colleagues with their first steps in their academic careers. The paper focuses on Bidlo’s membership in two most important Czech(oslovak) scientific societies: the Royal Bohemian Society of Sciences (Královská česká společnost nauk, KČSN) and the Czech Academy of Sciences and Arts (Česká akademie věd a umění, ČAVU).

Keywords:Jaroslav Bidlo (1868–1937) – historical Slavonic studies – Royal Bohemian Society of Sciences – Czech Academy of Sciences and Arts – organization of science and humanities – history of East-Central Europe

Summary
Of the several kinds of membership, only the regular one ensured a real influence in a scientific society. Bidlo was much more active in the KČSN, where he had been elected regular member already in 1917. In the following twenty years he was engaged as its chief librarian, as well as secretary general and chair of the class for social siences and humanities. Bidlo also had an influence on scholarly contacts with the countries of South-Eastern and Central-Eastern Europe (including the election of foreign members of KČSN) and on the publishing policy of the Society.
Bidlo’s membership in ČAVU was not connected with the same width of activities as that in KČSN. He had been elected regular member in 1927 and had never held prominent position among the high officials of ČAVU. Nevertheless, he was involved in several important projects (e.g. Silesian Commission) and regularly took part in the sessions of the historical-philosophical class. He was also acting as a mediator between both societies in their joint project focused on the juridical terminology in Slavic languages (Kadlec’s Dictionary).

Correspondence:
PhDr. Marek Ďurčanský, Ph.D.
Ústav dějin UK a archiv UK
Ovocný trh 5, 116 36 Praha 1
E-mail: marek.durcansky@ruk.cuni.cz

DVT 203, 152
Historik Josef Macůrek a brněnská škola historické slavistiky ● Radomír Vlček

Josef Macůrek as a historian and the Brno school of historical Slavic studies: This paper analyses scholarly, scientific and organizational pursuits of one of the most influential historians of Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe of the 20th century – Josef Macůrek (1901–1992), a professor of Masaryk University in Brno – and his legacy. For this study, the wide range of topics covered by Macůrek and his students has been limited to the concept of the history of Slavs, i.e. the history of particular Slavic nations, and to the history of Slavic studies. The section on the historiographic school of Josef Macůrek focuses on the history of Slavic studies, as this topic is an apex of the works of Macůrek’s students through which they achieved outstanding results and international acclaim. The text itself is divided by topics into two main sections and further into several chapters. The first section traces the concept of the history of the Slavs and Slavic studies that Macůrek brought forth; the second one analyses the same topic in the works of several of his students and presents a selection, rather than a comprehensive anthology, and an analysis based on the study of Josef Macůrek’s and his students’ texts, supplemented by primary sources on their position in historiography and Slavic studies. The primary sources used consist primarily of the archival collections of Masaryk Institute and the Archive of the CAS, v.v.i., and of the Archive of the Masaryk University. Attention was also paid to the memoirs of the main participants, as well as those of other contributors. Secondary sources were also used, primarily those directly referring to Josef Macůrek and his students.

Keywords: Slavonic studies – History of Slavonic studies – History of Historiography – Josef Macůrek – Brno School of the History of Slavonic studies – Masaryk University – Institute of Slavonic Studies

Summary
Professor Josef Macůrek belongs to the most prominent personas of Czech and Czechoslovak historiography of the 20th century, specializing in the history of Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe, which he promoted – he had also formulated the modern concept of scientific approach to the topic itself. His publishing activity was outstandingly intense – he published more than twenty separate volumes on the history of Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe; the number of his scientific essays is nearly two hundred. At the same time, he also published popular articles in the newspapers, reviews and reports from the academic life. He also studied regional history – predominantly of his native land of Moravian Wallachia. Moreover, his scientific, organizational and educational merits would at the very least match the prominence of his publishing activity. He was responsible for the founding of the branch office of the Institute of Slavonic Studies – of which he had been an active member since 1931 – in Brno, and for many years he served as its head. In the years 1952/53, he was pivotal in the process of incorporation of the Institute and its Brno office into the structures of the newly formed Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. In 1957, the Department of the History of the USSR and of the European Socialist Countries was founded under his influence, with a wide coverage of the history of Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe, as well as of its comparison with the areas that were closely intertwined with the region (mainly the Byzantine Empire and the Ottoman Empire). In the years 1968/69, he was the head of the Institute of History of Eastern Europe of CSAS. Under his direction, the aim of the Institute was to become a modern European research facility of the Western- European “Ostforschung” type. However, the Normalization regime put an early stop to his pursuits. Macůrek was the first amongst the directors of CSAS facilities to be withdrawn from his post for political reasons in the autumn of 1969. Further repression followed at Masaryk University (since 1960 officially referred to as the University of Jan Evangelista Purkyně) in 1970, when Macůrek retired.
Macůrek’s educational and scientific practice nevertheless did not end with his retirement. In the next two decades, he continued his pursuit by means of informal sessions in his home. During this time, Macůrek was able to foster a whole array of scholars specialized in history of Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe. This study has limited itself to only those of his students that had, much like Macůrek himself, devoted themselves to the questions of historical Slavic studies, history of Slavic countries and their relations and history of Slavic studies themselves. It is because it was them who formed, much by Macůrek’s merit, a school of historical thought that is to this day unfairly forgotten. It was predominantly the section of them that focused on history of Slavic studies that has repeatedly received an inter- national acclaim and became unique in the field of historiography worldwide.

Correspondence:
doc. PhDr. Radomír Vlček, CSc.
Historický ústav AV ČR, v. v. i.
Veveří 97, 602 00 Brno
E-mail: vlcek@brno.avcr.cz

DVT 203, 188
Między filologią a historią. Slawistyka w dorobku naukowym Henryka Batowskiego ● Sebastian Grudzień

Between filology and history. Slavonic studies in the scientific output of Henryk Batowski: The aim of the article is to present the Slavonic ktivity of the Polish scholar Henryk Batowski (1907-1999). The text is based especially on primary sources. The work is arranged chronologically and by subject. The article reveals the multidisciplinary face of Batowski‘s achievements. It was both a view on research that he postulated and a reflection of multi-faced interests, mainly philological and historical. This makes Batowski one of the most original representatives of Polish Slavonic studies.

Keywords: Henryk Batowski – Slavonic studies – historiography – history of science – Polish-Czech relations – panslavism – Slavs

Summary
The article presents Henryk Batowski’s (1907-1999) scientific biography in the field of Slavonic studies. He completed his studies at Jan Kazimierz University and Charles University with a doctorate in Czech linguistics. Then he was doing rese- arch in literary studies and conducted language courses in Slavonic languages. Fi- nally, Batowski habilitated in history. He wrote many publications about history of Slavs and lectured about them at the University of Warsaw and at Jagiellonian Uni- versity. He emphasised the role of political history in Slavonic studies. Throughout his career, he insisted that Slavonic studies must be multidisciplinar, and this mul- tidisciplinarity should include its use for practical purposes.

Correspondence:
Dr. Sebastian Grudzień
Biblioteka Jagiellońska Universytetu Jagiellońskiego
al. Mickiewicza 22, 30-059 Kraków
Email: sebastian.grudzien@uj.edu.pl



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